Update on Tick-Borne Rickettsioses around the World: a Geographic Approach
Identifieur interne : 000311 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000310; suivant : 000312Update on Tick-Borne Rickettsioses around the World: a Geographic Approach
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Abstract
Tick-borne rickettsioses are caused by obligate intracellular bacteria belonging to the spotted fever group of the genus Rickettsia. These zoonoses are among the oldest known vector-borne diseases. However, in the past 25 years, the scope and importance of the recognized tick-associated rickettsial pathogens have increased dramatically, making this complex of diseases an ideal paradigm for the understanding of emerging and reemerging infections. Several species of tick-borne rickettsiae that were considered nonpathogenic for decades are now associated with human infections, and novel Rickettsia species of undetermined pathogenicity continue to be detected in or isolated from ticks around the world. This remarkable expansion of information has been driven largely by the use of molecular techniques that have facilitated the identification of novel and previously recognized rickettsiae in ticks. New approaches, such as swabbing of eschars to obtain material to be tested by PCR, have emerged in recent years and have played a role in describing emerging tick-borne rickettsioses. Here, we present the current knowledge on tick-borne rickettsiae and rickettsioses using a geographic approach toward the epidemiology of these diseases.
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Paddock</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</s1><s2>Atlanta, Georgia</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Socolovschi, Cristina" uniqKey="Socolovschi C">Cristina Socolovschi</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, WHO Collaborative Center for Rickettsioses and Other Arthropod-Borne Bacterial Diseases, Faculté de Médecine</s1><s2>Marseille</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><placeName><region type="région">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Aix-Marseille</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Labruna, Marcelo B" uniqKey="Labruna M">Marcelo B. Labruna</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária</s1><s2>São Paulo, SP</s2><s3>BRA</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Brésil</country><placeName><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mediannikov, Oleg" uniqKey="Mediannikov O">Oleg Mediannikov</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, WHO Collaborative Center for Rickettsioses and Other Arthropod-Borne Bacterial Diseases, Faculté de Médecine</s1><s2>Marseille</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><placeName><region type="région">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Aix-Marseille</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kernif, Tahar" uniqKey="Kernif T">Tahar Kernif</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Service d'Ecologie des Systèmes Vectoriels, Institut Pasteur d'Algérie</s1><s2>Algiers</s2><s3>DZA</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Algérie</country><wicri:noRegion>Algiers</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name>MOHAMMAD YAZID ABDAD</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Division of Veterinary and Biomedical Science, Murdoch University, Australian Rickettsial Reference Laboratory, Barwon Health</s1><s2>Geelong, Victoria</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country><wicri:noRegion>Geelong, Victoria</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stenos, John" uniqKey="Stenos J">John Stenos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Division of Veterinary and Biomedical Science, Murdoch University, Australian Rickettsial Reference Laboratory, Barwon Health</s1><s2>Geelong, Victoria</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country><wicri:noRegion>Geelong, Victoria</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bitam, Idir" uniqKey="Bitam I">Idir Bitam</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>University of Boumerdes</s1><s2>Boumerdes, Algeria</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>9 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>University of Boumerdes</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fournier, Pierre Edouard" uniqKey="Fournier P">Pierre-Edouard Fournier</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, WHO Collaborative Center for Rickettsioses and Other Arthropod-Borne Bacterial Diseases, Faculté de Médecine</s1><s2>Marseille</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><placeName><region type="région">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Aix-Marseille</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raoult, Didier" uniqKey="Raoult D">Didier Raoult</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, WHO Collaborative Center for Rickettsioses and Other Arthropod-Borne Bacterial Diseases, Faculté de Médecine</s1><s2>Marseille</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><placeName><region type="région">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Aix-Marseille</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="inist">13-0335888</idno><date when="2013">2013</date><idno type="stanalyst">PASCAL 13-0335888 INIST</idno><idno type="RBID">Pascal:13-0335888</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000416</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">002456</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000311</idno></publicationStmt><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0893-8512</idno><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Clin. microbiol. rev. : (Print)</title><title level="j" type="main">Clinical microbiology reviews : (Print)</title></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Ixodidae</term><term>Review</term><term>Rickettsial infection</term><term>World</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Ixodidae</term><term>Monde</term><term>Article synthèse</term><term>Rickettsiose</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Tick-borne rickettsioses are caused by obligate intracellular bacteria belonging to the spotted fever group of the genus Rickettsia. These zoonoses are among the oldest known vector-borne diseases. However, in the past 25 years, the scope and importance of the recognized tick-associated rickettsial pathogens have increased dramatically, making this complex of diseases an ideal paradigm for the understanding of emerging and reemerging infections. Several species of tick-borne rickettsiae that were considered nonpathogenic for decades are now associated with human infections, and novel Rickettsia species of undetermined pathogenicity continue to be detected in or isolated from ticks around the world. This remarkable expansion of information has been driven largely by the use of molecular techniques that have facilitated the identification of novel and previously recognized rickettsiae in ticks. New approaches, such as swabbing of eschars to obtain material to be tested by PCR, have emerged in recent years and have played a role in describing emerging tick-borne rickettsioses. Here, we present the current knowledge on tick-borne rickettsiae and rickettsioses using a geographic approach toward the epidemiology of these diseases.</div></front></TEI><inist><standard h6="B"><pA><fA01 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>0893-8512</s0></fA01><fA02 i1="01"><s0>CMIREX</s0></fA02><fA03 i2="1"><s0>Clin. microbiol. rev. : (Print)</s0></fA03><fA05><s2>26</s2></fA05><fA06><s2>4</s2></fA06><fA08 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>Update on Tick-Borne Rickettsioses around the World: a Geographic Approach</s1></fA08><fA11 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>PAROLA (Philippe)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="02" i2="1"><s1>PADDOCK (Christopher D.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="03" i2="1"><s1>SOCOLOVSCHI (Cristina)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="04" i2="1"><s1>LABRUNA (Marcelo B.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="05" i2="1"><s1>MEDIANNIKOV (Oleg)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="06" i2="1"><s1>KERNIF (Tahar)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="07" i2="1"><s1>MOHAMMAD YAZID ABDAD</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="08" i2="1"><s1>STENOS (John)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="09" i2="1"><s1>BITAM (Idir)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="10" i2="1"><s1>FOURNIER (Pierre-Edouard)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="11" i2="1"><s1>RAOULT (Didier)</s1></fA11><fA14 i1="01"><s1>Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, WHO Collaborative Center for Rickettsioses and Other Arthropod-Borne Bacterial Diseases, Faculté de Médecine</s1><s2>Marseille</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="02"><s1>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</s1><s2>Atlanta, Georgia</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="03"><s1>Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária</s1><s2>São Paulo, SP</s2><s3>BRA</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="04"><s1>Service d'Ecologie des Systèmes Vectoriels, Institut Pasteur d'Algérie</s1><s2>Algiers</s2><s3>DZA</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="05"><s1>Division of Veterinary and Biomedical Science, Murdoch University, Australian Rickettsial Reference Laboratory, Barwon Health</s1><s2>Geelong, Victoria</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="06"><s1>University of Boumerdes</s1><s2>Boumerdes, Algeria</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>9 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA20><s1>657-702</s1></fA20><fA21><s1>2013</s1></fA21><fA23 i1="01"><s0>ENG</s0></fA23><fA43 i1="01"><s1>INIST</s1><s2>21815</s2><s5>354000501009250010</s5></fA43><fA44><s0>0000</s0><s1>© 2013 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.</s1></fA44><fA45><s0>482 ref.</s0></fA45><fA47 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>13-0335888</s0></fA47><fA60><s1>P</s1></fA60><fA61><s0>A</s0></fA61><fA64 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>Clinical microbiology reviews : (Print)</s0></fA64><fA66 i1="01"><s0>USA</s0></fA66><fC01 i1="01" l="ENG"><s0>Tick-borne rickettsioses are caused by obligate intracellular bacteria belonging to the spotted fever group of the genus Rickettsia. These zoonoses are among the oldest known vector-borne diseases. However, in the past 25 years, the scope and importance of the recognized tick-associated rickettsial pathogens have increased dramatically, making this complex of diseases an ideal paradigm for the understanding of emerging and reemerging infections. Several species of tick-borne rickettsiae that were considered nonpathogenic for decades are now associated with human infections, and novel Rickettsia species of undetermined pathogenicity continue to be detected in or isolated from ticks around the world. This remarkable expansion of information has been driven largely by the use of molecular techniques that have facilitated the identification of novel and previously recognized rickettsiae in ticks. New approaches, such as swabbing of eschars to obtain material to be tested by PCR, have emerged in recent years and have played a role in describing emerging tick-borne rickettsioses. 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